Barley Germplasm Improvement and Screening for Scald Disease Resistance Review of Breeding Experiences in Ethiopia
Keywords:
Rhynchosporium secalis, barley, disease resistance, breeding, EthiopiaAbstract
Scald, caused by the fungus Rhynchosporium secalis, is one of the most destructive diseases affecting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) across the world. This pathogen, an asexual haploid ascomycete, thrives particularly in the Ethiopian highlands above 2000 meters, where low temperatures and high rainfall during the growing season create favorable conditions for infection. Yield losses attributed to scald range from 21% to 67%, often accompanied by a decline in grain quality depending on environmental conditions and varietal susceptibility. Efforts to screen and identify resistant barley genotypes are currently constrained by limited information on the genetic and pathogenic variability of R. secalis globally and within Ethiopia. Enhancing host resistance remains the most effective and sustainable strategy for managing scald disease and improving barley productivity.
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