Journal of Advance Multidisciplinary Research
Journal of Advance Multidisciplinary Research is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the publication of high-quality manuscripts across a wide spectrum of disciplines. The journal accepts original research articles, comprehensive review articles, and impactful short communications that adhere to rigorous scientific and ethical standards. The journal encompasses a diverse range of subject areas, including but not limited to: Education, Social Sciences, Science and Engineering, Management, Biological Sciences, Sports Science, Medical Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, Entomology and Zoology, Veterinary Sciences, Ayurveda, Environmental and Ecological Sciences, Food Science and Technology, Law, English and Hindi Literature, Economics, Mathematics, Medicine, Pharmacy, etc. Article Submission & Publication Impact Factor: RSIF 6.96 Submit via Email: synsto.multi@gmail.com Review Time: 24 hours Publication Time: 2–3 working days after payment Support & Queries: Contact us on WhatsApp.
बरेली मंडल के क्षेत्रीय विकास में विधायक विकास निधि योजना की भूमिका: बरेली जनपद के विशेष सन्दर्भ में एक समग्र सामाजिक-आर्थिक विश्लेषण
विधान मण्डल क्षेत्र विकास निधि योजना (MLA Local Area Development Scheme – MLALADS) उत्तर प्रदेश सरकार द्वारा संचालित एक महत्वपूर्ण विकेन्द्रीकृत विकास कार्यक्रम है, जिसका उद्देश्य स्थानीय जनप्रतिनिधियों को अपने निर्वाचन क्षेत्रों की आवश्यकताओं के अनुरूप विकास कार्यों का चयन एवं क्रियान्वयन करने का अवसर प्रदान करना है। इस योजना के अंतर्गत विधायकों को प्रतिवर्ष निर्धारित धनराशि उपलब्ध कराई जाती है, जिससे वे क्षेत्रीय अवसंरचना, सामुदायिक परिसंपत्तियों तथा सामाजिक उपयोगिता से संबंधित परियोजनाओं की संस्तुति कर सकें। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र में बरेली मंडल के अंतर्गत बरेली जनपद के विशेष संदर्भ में इस योजना की भूमिका का समग्र सामाजिक-आर्थिक विश्लेषण किया गया है। अध्ययन में वित्तीय वर्ष 2023–24, 2024–25 एवं 2025–26 के जिला-स्तरीय आंकड़ों का समेकित विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत किया गया है। उपलब्ध अभिलेखों के आधार पर कार्यदायी संस्थाओं द्वारा स्वीकृत “आगणित लागत” को व्यय का आधार मानते हुए विधानसभा-वार एवं उद्देश्य-वार वितरण का परीक्षण किया गया। विश्लेषण से ज्ञात होता है कि तीनों वर्षों में विधायक निधि का कुल स्वीकृत व्यय लगभग 4,900 से 5,000 लाख रुपये के स्तर पर रहा, जबकि वर्ष 2025–26 में तुलनात्मक रूप से कुछ कमी परिलक्षित हुई। यह प्रवृत्ति योजना के कार्यान्वयन के विभिन्न चरणों तथा परियोजनाओं की प्रकृति से संबंधित हो सकती है। उद्देश्य-वार वितरण से स्पष्ट है कि निधि का प्रमुख भाग आधारभूत अवसंरचना के विकास पर व्यय किया गया। विशेष रूप से “हाई मास्ट लाइट”, “सी.सी. रोड एवं नाली निर्माण” तथा “सोलर लाइट” जैसी परियोजनाओं पर सर्वाधिक निवेश किया गया, जो कुल व्यय का लगभग दो-तिहाई भाग दर्शाता है। यह संकेत करता है कि स्थानीय प्रतिनिधियों द्वारा उन कार्यों को प्राथमिकता दी गई, जिनका प्रत्यक्ष एवं त्वरित प्रभाव जनजीवन की सुविधाओं पर पड़ता है। सड़क, जल निकासी एवं प्रकाश व्यवस्था जैसे कार्य न केवल शहरी एवं अर्ध-शहरी जीवन-स्तर को सुदृढ़ करते हैं, बल्कि स्थानीय आर्थिक गतिविधियों, सुरक्षा एवं सामाजिक गतिशीलता को भी प्रोत्साहित करते हैं। हालाँकि, अध्ययन यह भी इंगित करता है कि शिक्षा, पुस्तकालय, खेल सुविधाएँ तथा सांस्कृतिक अवसंरचना जैसे सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक क्षेत्रों में अपेक्षाकृत कम निवेश हुआ है। इससे यह निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि योजना का वर्तमान उपयोग मुख्यतः भौतिक अवसंरचना उन्नयन पर केंद्रित है, जबकि मानव संसाधन विकास एवं सांस्कृतिक सुदृढ़ीकरण की दिशा में निवेश की संभावनाएँ अभी भी व्यापक हैं। विधानसभा-वार वितरण से यह परिलक्षित होता है कि अधिकांश क्षेत्रों में निधि का आवंटन संतुलित रहा है, जिससे क्षेत्रीय असमानता को सीमित करने का प्रयास दिखाई देता है। तथापि, योजना की दीर्घकालिक प्रभावशीलता इस बात पर निर्भर करती है कि निर्मित परिसंपत्तियों का रख-रखाव, निगरानी एवं सामाजिक उपयोग किस प्रकार सुनिश्चित किया जाता है। पारदर्शिता, स्थानीय सहभागिता तथा संस्थागत उत्तरदायित्व को सुदृढ़ कर इस योजना के सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रभाव को और अधिक व्यापक बनाया जा सकता है। समग्रतः यह अध्ययन निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत करता है कि बरेली जनपद में विधायक विकास निधि योजना ने क्षेत्रीय अवसंरचना विकास में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया है, किंतु संतुलित एवं समावेशी विकास सुनिश्चित करने हेतु सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक क्षेत्रों में भी समान रूप से प्राथमिकता प्रदान करना आवश्यक है।
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Detecting misinformation and quantifying its business impact: a machine learning analysis of financial volatility and retail demand shocks
Financial markets and retail supply chains are in-creakingly exposed to rapid information flows, making them vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation circulating through news and social media. This paper examines how misleading information translates into measurable business risk by linking automated misinformation detection with observed anomalies in stock prices and retail demand. We develop and evaluate machine learning models to classify misleading news content and align detected misinformation events with real-world indicators of financial volatility and demand forecast error (DFE). Using a human-curated dataset of 45,000 real news articles labeled for veracity, we compare Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting, and Bidirectional LSTM models for misinformation detection. Gradient Boosting achieves the highest classification accuracy (99.44%), followed closely by Logistic Regression (98.85%), while the BiLSTM performs substantially worse on this dataset. We then examine documented misinformation events and show their association with extreme stock price movements, abnormal trading volumes, and sharp retail demand surges that lead to large forecasting errors. Overall, the results suggest that integrating misinformation detection with time-series monitoring can help firms recognize information-driven disruptions earlier and manage financial and operational risk more effectively.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Biomedical Effect for Hepatitis B virus - HBV on Patient
All medical personnel, including those working in medical laboratories and blood banks, must be vaccinated against hepatitis B. All healthcare workers, including physicians, surgeons, dentists, nurses, medical laboratory staff, blood bank personnel, and others, must treat blood, body fluids, and materials contaminated with them as potentially containing HIV, hepatitis viruses, and other blood borne pathogens. Wearing gloves is mandatory when handling clinical specimens and any other materials that may be contaminated with blood or body fluids. Violation of this rule will not be tolerated, regardless of position. All medical laboratory staff must refrain from using their mouths to draw solutions with straws, eating, drinking, or smoking while working in these laboratories. Intravenous drug users and those who engage in promiscuous or non-monogamous sexual activity are at higher risk of contracting hepatitis B and C viruses, as well as HIV (the virus that causes AIDS). Hepatitis is a type of liver infection that affects a person's health and can lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and cancer. Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing the disease, in addition to adhering to personal hygiene practices and guidelines for preventing the spread of infection. The liver is the largest organ in the body and plays a vital role in metabolism, converting food into energy, and removing toxins from the body. It also secretes bile, a greenish fluid that plays an important role in digestion. Some patients may not show symptoms or signs of infection, which can lead to liver failure and cirrhosis, followed by the appearance of symptoms and signs that are difficult to treat and can last for a long time. There are several causes of hepatitis, not limited to viruses. Some medications can cause liver inflammation, as can autoimmune diseases. Viral infections are among the most common of these diseases. When the inflammation persists for more than six months, we refer to this type as chronic hepatitis. Acute hepatitis results from the virus settling in the liver and multiplying rapidly, leading to swelling and rupture of liver cell walls, as well as an intensive spread of various types of white blood cells throughout the liver to limit the spread of the virus. This inflammation usually lasts for a short period. It is worth noting that acute hepatitis rarely leads to chronic damage, unlike chronic hepatitis, which can cause neurological disorders and, in its severe forms, lead to hepatic coma. Therefore, infected individuals may experience symptoms of acute hepatitis for a few days or weeks, but upon recovery, the patient is completely cured, and no side effects or chronic liver damage remain. However, in rare cases, the patient's condition deteriorates during the acute phase of the inflammation to the point of death or the urgent need for a liver transplant.
Sustaining Polymer Extraction and Recovery from Environmental Matrices Using Ionic Liquid
Pollutants in drilling spoils vary; they include petroleum hydrocarbons, additives from the drilling fluid, organics such as aromatic compounds, and, in some cases, naturally occurring radioactive materials. This study investigates the innovative integration of 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid (propyIMIMBr-IL) in the extraction of two aromatic compounds: anthracene and fluoranthene, as a model that can be replicated to sustain polymer extraction for reuse. The experimental research involved the synthesis of the propyIMIMBr-IL and conducting solubility tests at preset temperatures for fluoranthene (74°C) and anthracene (140°C), respectively. The recovery process involved a two-step extraction for the propyIMIMBr-IL, using methanol and 1-butanol; fluoranthene, using 2-butanol and tetrachloroethylene; and anthracene, using methanol and 2-butanol. The findings revealed a successful recovery of fluoranthene and the propyIMIMBr-IL, which depicts the effectiveness of the research. However, anthracene retrieval remained challenging due to its finer particle size, underscoring the complexity of the study and the need for innovative solutions. Subsequent Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis revealed residual anthracene in the recovered propyIMIMBr-IL and fluoranthene. A secondary extraction using 1-butanol and tetrachloroethylene successfully recovered anthracene, though in low yield. Although naturally occurring polymers can be less toxic to the environment, some synthetic polymers biodegrade slowly in the environment and may be harmful for a period, especially in aquatic ecosystems. Thus, this study demonstrates the potential for selective extraction with reduced solvent usage, which can be applied to the selective recovery of synthetic polymers commonly found in drilling spoils.
Sustainable development of EFL teachers’ skills towards communication
A fundamental tenet of EFL training is the notion that students can concurrently learn a new language and important subject through sustainable development. As a counterweight to teaching methods that place more emphasis on output skills of communication than other traditional methods, sustainable development has emerged as a skill-focused approach where language acquisition is a tool to absorb meaningful knowledge. The goal of the current study was to ascertain if a methodology course that uses a sustainable development and language-skills learning paradigm may improve EFL majors' communication abilities and vocabulary acquisition. The sample consisted of 15 EFL educators from different Babylonian schools. The study employed a pretest-posttest one-group design to collect quantitative data utilizing two communication skills and subject vocabulary learning tests. According to the study's findings, the sustainable development and language-skill learning paradigm had positive effects on participants' communication abilities and post-test scores for subject vocabulary acquisition. The findings were analyzed in light of the current debate regarding the role that sustainable development plays in helping students (educators) learn through language as they develop subject comprehension, listening, speaking, reading and writing to learn about the language in the context of language learning, and use language in a meaningful and intentional way.
A scientific study of translation problems and their solutions
As in any field, there are numerous problems in the translation industry; some of these problems are faced by translators, while others are faced by clients. Some problems can be considered structural issues, as they affect the translation process itself. This research aims to present a theoretical framework regarding the most significant problems and challenges faced by translators during the translation process, clarify the concept of translation and its types, and study the differences between literary, academic, and scientific translation. The researcher employed a descriptive research methodology, relying on previous studies and articles available online, and through this approach, the most important findings and recommendations were derived.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Dhuha Abdulijabbar Fathi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative study on the life cycle of lime butterfly Papilio demoleus (Linnaeus, 1758) in tummalapalle mining region and palakondalu forest region of Andhra Pradesh – India
Butterfly assemblages and life history characteristics are impacted by habitat quality changes brought about by mining operations. This study assessed the effects of mining disturbance on the life cycle of Papilio demoleus and butterfly diversity in Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh, India. In the Palakondalu forest (control) and Tummalapalle (mining zone), field surveys were carried out. The morphometric and developmental parameters of P. demoleus were measured from the egg to the pupal stages, and the richness, abundance, and variety of the assemblies were documented. With restoration of butterfly communities improved, although they were less varied in mining areas. Forest area eggs were larger (1.02 ± 0.05 mm) and incubated for 4.2 ± 0.7 days, whereas mining area eggs (0.95 ± 0.06 mm, 4.8 ± 0.8 days) demonstrated habitat-specific variations in P. demoleus. Fifth instars in the mining zone (38.6 ± 2.4 mm, 6.1 ± 0.6 days) were smaller and slower than those in the forest (45.0 ± 2.6 mm, 5.2 ± 0.4 days). Pupae exhibited comparable trends. Overall, the forest took 29–30 days to develop, whereas the mining regions took 34–36 days. Heavy metals, microclimatic changes, and potential radiation are examples of mining-related stressors that delay development and decrease morphometric features, whereas habitat restoration increases butterfly performance and variety.
Life history and seasonal distribution of the small salmon arab Colotis amata (Fabricius, 1775) on its larval host plant Maerua apetala in the eastern ghats of Andhra Pradesh - India
The small salmon Arab butterfly, Colotis amata (Fabricius, 1775), showed a seasonal distribution in the Kadapa district and Palakondalu region (14º25'37.65''N 78º52'29.646''E), as observed through field studies of eggs, larvae, and pupae on the larval host plant Maerua apetala, along with laboratory research on their development. It was identified as multivoltine, reproducing throughout the year with increased frequency under optimal environmental conditions. All life stages were recorded from January to December, with the highest abundance during the rainy season from June to October. Eggs were laid in clusters on delicate leaves and hatched within 3 to 4 days. The larvae went through five instars, completing development in 15 to 17 days. Pupation lasted for 5 to 7 days. The entire life cycle, from egg to adult, spanned 24 to 28 days. The success rate of development from egg, larva, and pupa to adult ranged from 78% to 95%. The stages of development, from egg to adult, of Colotis amata on Maerua apetala are examined and detailed in this study.
Apportionment of factory rent in sustainability accounting: developing a departmental cost allocation framework for manufacturing firms in Lagos, Nigeria
In general, cost allocation is a challenge even more so in the manufacturing sector worldwide, where costs such as factory rent can be shared among multiple users. As industrialization progresses in the rest of the world, especially in developing countries, controlling costs becomes essential for profitability and viability. The focus of this research was on the distribution of factory rent within Lagos manufacturing firms. A descriptive survey research design was used to study the existing status of and obstacles faced by a stratified random sample of 50 manufacturing firms in the food/beverage, chemicals, plastics, and textiles industries. Thus a total of 76 departmental heads of the finance, operations and production units filled in structured questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses while qualitative data were organized and coded thematically using SPSS version 26. Cost efficiency was found to have a, positive and significant, effect on allocation methods, at β = 0.498, t = 4.559, p < 0.001 as shown in the regression analysis section above, suggesting that higher cost efficiency predicts higher use of appropriate allocation methods. On the other hand, common practices exhibited a positive but non-significant effect of the use of common techniques (β = 0.165, t = 1.511, p = 0.135). The implication is that cost efficiency can be an important factor in constructing and applying effective rent allocation mechanisms. It also concludes that cost is to be managed efficiently in order to allocate resources within departments effectively. It advises that firms focus on cost efficiency, spend on up-to-date systems of cost-control, and support data-based allocation methods. A way this could be done would promote cost efficiency measurements throughout the industry.
Using the bird flock algorithm as a technique to access wireless networks
Wired and wireless networks are an effective means of exchanging data, as they reduce the time of transfer and exchange compared to traditional methods, in addition to reducing the effort and cost required for that. Wireless networks have the greatest advantage of the two types because they provide an additional feature, which is roaming, and these networks suffer from many problems, including interference and the presence of obstacles in front of them, which makes them need more follow-up to obtain better services. This project aims to identify shortcomings in the places where wireless network access devices are placed, and then propose a modern method based on artificial intelligence techniques inspired by nature to reduce the problem of the signal not being distributed optimally inside buildings. Through the results obtained, it became clear that the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is one of the important methods used to find the optimal place to place an access point for wireless local networks, as this method is characterized by ease of use, speed of implementation, and improving the quality of service inside buildings.
Study Wi-Fi as a study sample inspired by wireless networks and consider it as an access point for networks
Wireless network is one of the means of connecting to the Internet that allows the exchange of data without the need to use wires and connections. The research problem was to propose a method to find the optimal location for the access point in Wi-Fi networks inside buildings using a technology inspired by nature. Including low data transfer rate, signal depletion, and poor roaming coverage, which leads to increased costs by adding additional access points. By observing and analyzing the behavior of living organisms that are less intelligent than humans, we have obtained algorithms inspired by nature that have proven successful in solving many engineering problems. When the building's structural design requires increasing the wireless network capacity by adding more access points close to each other, this is where the proposed method comes in, in order to choose the optimal location to reduce interference and the possibility of Interference between access points. Taking into account the environmental and climatic conditions around the access points, such as the number of people, humidity, and surrounding trees.
Navigating stakeholder dynamics in large-scale transformations
Despite the glamorous promises that often come with large-scale transformation projects—be they digital, structural, or cultural—the reality is that most of these efforts run aground not because of technical missteps, but due to deeply human obstacles. Stakeholder misalignment, entrenched resistance to change, and lackluster change management remain the primary culprits, no matter how robust the underlying strategy or technology may appear. This analysis delves into the complex interplay of stakeholder dynamics that ultimately determines the outcome of transformation initiatives. Even the most sophisticated and well-resourced programs are vulnerable if stakeholder engagement is neglected. Drawing from research in organizational behavior, we highlight five persistent barriers to successful transformation: resistance to change, conflicting priorities among stakeholders, insufficient technical literacy, uncontrolled expansion of project scope, and inadequate leadership involvement. To address these challenges, we propose a structured stakeholder engagement lifecycle. This approach begins with early alignment around a shared vision and extends through inclusive design practices to support adoption after launch. Practical methods—such as developing stakeholder personas, crafting targeted communications, piloting programs before full rollout, and leveraging “change champions”—are recommended to foster trust, ownership, and long-term adoption. Leadership plays a critical role in this process. Effective leaders model visible commitment, reinforce the transformation’s vision, and cultivate a culture of shared accountability. When organizations embed stakeholder engagement strategies into their transformation planning from the outset, they are more likely to achieve sustainable change, increase adoption rates, and realize enduring organizational value.
Copyright (c) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A comprehensive review on protein isolates supplementation
Protein isolate supplementation has emerged as a critical strategy in enhancing the nutritional quality of various food products, including whole grains, complementary foods, and pastries. These efforts are driven by the need to combat protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria where the prevalence remains high. Recent innovations have expanded beyond conventional protein sources to include protein isolates derived from unconventional animal sources such as insects, termites, and periwinkles. These alternative sources offer promising nutritional and functional benefits, making them viable options for food fortification. Raising awareness among health professionals, nutritionists, and food scientists about the potentials of protein isolate supplementation is essential for improving dietary intake and reducing malnutrition rates. This seminar explores the prevalence and impact of PEM, particularly among children, discusses the nutritional benefits of protein isolates, and compares findings from multiple studies, including the effects of quinoa flour and rice protein isolate on the functional properties and protein content of gluten-free bread.
Morality in relation to modernity and age
The present study conducted to see the impact of modernity and age on Morality. Pandey morality scale and Singh modernity scale were administered on 200 college students of age range 15-23Yrs to measure the related variables. The obtained data were analyzed with suitable statistical technique. The findings reveal that: (i) it is accepted that the modern respondents would be less moral than the conservative one (ii) Morality develops with the increase of age and age is important factor for development morality.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Review: the principle of algorithms in wireless communication networks
There are many challenges facing artificial intelligence technologies, including the availability and quality of internet service in different locations. This is where network science comes in. The importance of this science lies in its use to address the various obstacles and challenges that prevent us from achieving optimal internet service. Evolutionary algorithms are a branch of artificial intelligence that simulate the natural distribution of some living organisms. These algorithms rely on biological techniques such as reproduction, reassortment, and selection mechanisms, and utilize concepts of biological evolution, such as natural selection, to solve various problems and achieve the best results.
The effect of shilajit herb on sexual hormonal level in male and female in karbala province
Background: Shilajit is also known as a powerful aphrodisiac and is given for treatment of male sexual disorders. Shilajit has been known to increase serum levels of (testosterone), (LH) and (FSH) in males and (estrogen) and (progesterone) in females in patients after treatment compared to those before treatment. Objectives: The objective of the current study was to assess the levels of some hormonal parameters (testosterone), (LH) and (FSH) in male and (estrogen) and (progestogen) in female Materials and Methods: 5 ml of blood was collected from patients and controls utilizing a disposable syringe, put in a plain test tube and coagulated at room temperature (20-25°C) for 15 minutes. The coagulated blood was exposed to centrifugation at 2500 rpm for 15 minutes; serum was then taken and divided into 0.25 ml aliquots in Eppendorf tubes for hormone testing. Results: Results of hormonal parameters showed that there are significant decrease in the levels of (testosterone), (LH) and (FSH) in male and (estrogen) and (progestogen) in female in before treatment patients in comparison with control group, while notice there are a significant enhancing in the levels of (testosterone), (LH) and (FSH) in male and (estrogen) and (progestogen) in female in after treatment patients in comparison with before treatment patients. Conclusion: From the current study, it is apparent that bitumen is capable of treating infertility. Additionally, the herb's use can be attempted in small and large animals with stressful climates in order to address infertility. Because of its anti-oxidant properties, an increase in metal content is possible.
The World Health Organization in light of the corona pandemic: a political vision
The World Health Organization (WHO) represents the main decision-making body and an international forum for global health. It works in cooperation with the United Nations as a guiding and coordinating authority for policies and roles in providing health services around the world. Since its founding in 1948 after World War II, the organization has set development goals extending to 2030 to develop health services and confront epidemics and diseases, despite challenges and despite skepticism about its effectiveness and role during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. With weak funding that reduces its effectiveness, the main research problem was: "The World Health Organization faced a global challenge represented by the COVID-19 pandemic, which required concerted efforts and the provision of assistance and scientific expertise to all the world's population despite the challenges." The main objectives of the research were to diagnose the role of the organization and its institutions in containing the pandemic, despite criticism, and to examine its future and the requirements for the effectiveness of its role to carry out the basic tasks outlined by the organization's goals.
A framework for scaling social entrepreneurship in Nigeria: strategies for creating sustainable social impact
Social entrepreneurship plays a critical role in addressing socio-economic challenges in Nigeria, yet scaling these ventures remains a persistent challenge. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for scaling social entrepreneurship in Nigeria, emphasizing strategies that foster sustainable social impact. The framework integrates key elements such as innovative financing mechanisms, strategic partnerships, technology adoption, policy advocacy, and capacity-building initiatives. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with social entrepreneurs and quantitative analysis of scaling models from successful case studies. Findings highlight that access to funding remains a primary barrier, necessitating diversified financial instruments such as impact investing, blended finance, and social impact bonds. Strategic partnerships with government agencies, private sector actors, and international development organizations facilitate resource mobilization, policy influence, and market expansion. Additionally, technology-driven solutions, including digital platforms and data analytics, enhance operational efficiency, outreach, and impact measurement. The study further underscores the importance of policy support in creating an enabling environment for social enterprises to thrive. Recommendations include policy reforms that provide tax incentives, regulatory ease, and institutional support for social enterprises. Capacity-building programs, including leadership training, business development services, and mentorship initiatives, are also identified as crucial enablers for scaling social enterprises. The integration of local knowledge and community engagement ensures that social entrepreneurship interventions are culturally relevant, adaptable, and sustainable. This framework provides a roadmap for policymakers, investors, and social entrepreneurs to scale social enterprises effectively, maximizing their contribution to sustainable development. By leveraging innovative financing, fostering collaborations, and embracing technology, social enterprises in Nigeria can achieve large-scale, systemic change. Future research should explore sector-specific scaling strategies and evaluate the long-term impact of these interventions.
A conceptual framework for financial control and performance management in Nigerian SMEs
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role in Nigeria's economic development by contributing to employment generation, poverty reduction, and industrial growth. However, poor financial control and weak performance management mechanisms have hindered their sustainability and growth. This study proposes a conceptual framework for financial control and performance management tailored to Nigerian SMEs. The framework integrates key financial management practices, strategic planning, and performance measurement tools to enhance financial sustainability, operational efficiency, and long-term competitiveness. The study adopts a qualitative approach, drawing insights from existing financial control theories, performance management models, and SME financing frameworks. The proposed framework consists of four core components: (1) Financial Planning and Budgeting, which ensures proper resource allocation and cost control; (2) Internal Financial Control Mechanisms, including risk assessment, fraud prevention, and compliance monitoring; (3) Performance Measurement and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to track financial health, profitability, and efficiency; and (4) Technology-Driven Financial Management, leveraging digital tools, financial analytics, and automation to improve financial decision-making and reporting accuracy. The framework addresses common financial challenges faced by Nigerian SMEs, such as poor bookkeeping, limited access to credit, high operational costs, and ineffective financial decision-making. By implementing robust financial control mechanisms and performance management strategies, SMEs can improve cash flow management, enhance profitability, and mitigate financial risks. Furthermore, the adoption of financial technology solutions can optimize accounting processes, ensure transparency, and provide real-time financial insights. This study contributes to the literature on SME financial management by offering a structured and adaptable framework that aligns with the Nigerian economic context. The findings provide valuable insights for SME owners, financial managers, policymakers, and stakeholders seeking to improve financial control practices and performance outcomes. Future research should empirically validate the framework using case studies and industry-specific applications to enhance its practical relevance.
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Power of Influencer Marketing as a Modern Marketing Tool
Background: Influencer marketing is a new marketing tool that has been widely used in the field of marketing in recent years. In this modern day and age, information travels rapidly, and marketers are able to interact much more closely with the consumer now that social media influencers are a useful marketing tool. Objective: This study aims to analyze the use, effectiveness, and future power of influencer marketing as a modern marketing tool. Methods: The study employs a mixed-methods research design quantitative approaches to comprehensively understand the impact of social media influencers on consumer behaviour. The methodology comprises two main data sources: secondary data from existing literature and primary data collected through a structured questionnaire. The primary data was collected using a questionnaire designed to capture respondents' demographic and psychographic information. The secondary data were collected from the existing literature, and the final sample consisted of 150 individuals who completed the questionnaire. Results: The results indicate a diverse demographic profile among respondents, with a notable prevalence of Social Media Engagement and varying degrees of influence from Social Media Influencers on purchasing decisions. Conclusion: The study highlights the critical dynamics between sociodemographic factors, social media usage, and consumer behaviour in influencer marketing. Influencers are pivotal in shaping consumer preferences, but traditional influences still hold importance. Future research is needed on consumer trust and scepticism towards influencers and the role of social media across demographics. Such understanding is crucial for effective influencer marketing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fayhaa Abdulghafoor Abbas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrated marketing communication framework for esports brand growth and audience expansion
The rapid expansion of eSports as a mainstream entertainment industry has created the need for a comprehensive Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) framework to enhance brand growth and audience engagement. This review proposes an IMC model tailored to the unique dynamics of eSports, incorporating digital marketing, sponsorship strategies, event marketing, and community engagement. By integrating multiple communication channels and data-driven decision-making, the framework aims to establish strong brand positioning and maximize audience reach. A key component of the framework is digital and social media marketing, leveraging platforms such as Twitch, YouTube, Discord, and TikTok to enhance audience interaction through influencer collaborations, live streaming, and gamified content. Sponsorship and partnership strategies play a crucial role in brand monetization, attracting both endemic (gaming-related) and non-endemic sponsors through innovative co-branding opportunities. Additionally, event marketing and fan engagement strategies, including in-person tournaments, virtual events, and hybrid experiences, contribute to sustained audience retention. Public relations and community-driven branding efforts help build trust and authenticity, ensuring long-term loyalty among fans. The framework also explores monetization strategies, such as branded merchandise, digital collectibles, and subscription-based content models. By implementing data-driven audience segmentation, eSports organizations can personalize marketing campaigns to different fan demographics, optimizing engagement and conversion rates. Case studies from successful eSports teams and brands demonstrate the effectiveness of IMC strategies in driving brand equity and market expansion. However, challenges such as content saturation, ad-blocking, and shifting platform preferences must be addressed to ensure sustainable growth. This research highlights the importance of integrating emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, blockchain, and metaverse branding, to maintain competitive advantage. The proposed IMC framework provides a strategic roadmap for eSports stakeholders seeking to enhance brand visibility, audience engagement, and long-term profitability in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.
Optimizing corporate tax strategies and transfer pricing policies to improve financial efficiency and compliance
In an increasingly globalized economy, multinational corporations (MNCs) face complex challenges in optimizing corporate tax strategies and transfer pricing policies to enhance financial efficiency while ensuring compliance with evolving regulatory frameworks. Effective tax planning is essential for minimizing tax liabilities, improving cash flow, and maintaining competitiveness. Transfer pricing, which governs intra-group transactions, plays a crucial role in determining taxable profits across different jurisdictions. However, improper transfer pricing practices can lead to regulatory scrutiny, tax disputes, and reputational risks. This review explores the strategic integration of tax optimization and transfer pricing policies, emphasizing data-driven decision-making and adherence to international tax standards such as the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) framework. By leveraging advanced analytics, artificial intelligence, and real-time financial modeling, corporations can enhance transparency, align intercompany pricing with economic value creation, and mitigate the risks of double taxation. Key considerations include aligning transfer pricing methodologies with arm’s length principles, implementing tax-efficient corporate structures, and navigating jurisdictional differences in tax regulations. Furthermore, the study examines case studies of successful corporate tax optimization strategies and highlights best practices for achieving compliance while maintaining financial sustainability. The role of tax authorities in increasing scrutiny over profit shifting, the impact of digital taxation trends, and emerging global tax reforms are also discussed. By adopting proactive and adaptive tax policies, businesses can enhance operational efficiency, reduce tax-related uncertainties, and foster a more sustainable approach to corporate financial management. The findings underscore the importance of integrating robust compliance mechanisms with strategic tax planning to balance profitability and regulatory obligations effectively.
Russian-American conflict in Ukraine and its impact on the international order
The Russian military intervention in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, represents one of the most serious geopolitical crises facing Europe after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s because it threatens the outbreak of a large-scale conflict on the European continent and threatens to destabilize the foundations of the global order dominated by the United States of America. It paves the way for the establishment of a new multipolar world order in which Russia and its ally China will have an effective role. Ukraine presents a new model of post-Cold War warfare, as it constitutes an important axis in the ongoing conflict between the major powers (Russia, the European Union, and the United States of America).
Fintech is a dynamic amalgamation of money and technology. We acknowledge the importance of both, since each is vital to our life. Fintech involves handling or managing money through a digital interface rather than using legal tender money. It evidently seems to be advantageous, as demonstrated in practical situations. Nonetheless, it is indisputable that the emergence of fintech in India has coincided with an increase in cybercrime rates. This study aims to identify the causal link between fintech and digital fraud, as well as the factors contributing to this association. We gathered primary data from 241 respondents, processed it using correlation and regression, and evaluated it using a two-tailed test and pearson coefficient test. The findings of this study may contribute to the mitigation of cyber fraud.
Strategic contract negotiation in the oil and gas sector: approaches to securing high-value deals and long-term partnerships
The oil and gas sector are characterized by high-stakes negotiations that require a strategic approach to securing lucrative contracts and fostering sustainable partnerships. This study examines the critical financial and strategic principles underlying large-scale contract negotiations, emphasizing methodologies that drive value optimization, risk mitigation, and long-term business success. Key negotiation strategies include leveraging market intelligence, employing structured deal frameworks, and utilizing advanced financial modeling to assess contract feasibility and profitability. A data-driven approach to contract structuring is essential for optimizing terms and securing favorable pricing mechanisms. Tactics such as cost-benefit analysis, risk-sharing agreements, and performance-based incentives enhance contract stability while aligning stakeholders’ interests. The study also explores the role of due diligence in assessing counterparties’ financial and operational capabilities, ensuring compliance with regulatory frameworks, and securing optimal legal protections. Negotiation success in the oil and gas industry hinges on adaptability, stakeholder engagement, and strategic foresight. Effective deal-making involves cross-functional collaboration between legal, financial, and operational teams to craft agreements that support operational efficiency and financial sustainability. Real-world case studies illustrate how a proactive approach to contractual risk management, including force majeure clauses, dispute resolution mechanisms, and environmental liability considerations, leads to resilient agreements that withstand market volatility and geopolitical uncertainties. Additionally, this study highlights how negotiation expertise has been instrumental in securing multi-million-dollar contracts, driving revenue growth, and fostering long-term partnerships with key industry players. Leveraging competitive positioning, relationship-building, and strategic compromise has facilitated the successful closure of high-value transactions while maintaining profitability and operational excellence. By synthesizing best practices in contract negotiation, this research provides actionable insights for industry professionals aiming to navigate the complexities of oil and gas agreements effectively. The integration of financial acumen, regulatory compliance, and innovative deal structures ensures that negotiated contracts remain competitive and sustainable in an evolving global energy landscape.
Transforming supply chain logistics in oil and gas: best practices for optimizing efficiency and reducing operational costs
The oil and gas industry operates within a highly complex and dynamic supply chain that demands efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and resilience. This study investigates the latest innovations in oil and gas supply chain logistics, focusing on process optimization techniques to enhance operational efficiency and reduce costs. Given the industry's volatility, optimizing supply chain processes such as cargo clearance, sales efficiency, and inventory management is critical for maintaining profitability and ensuring timely delivery. This paper explores best practices in digital transformation, automation, and data analytics that improve decision-making and streamline logistics operations. Advances such as blockchain-enabled tracking systems, AI-driven predictive analytics, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications in real-time monitoring have revolutionized supply chain visibility, reducing uncertainties and mitigating risks. By leveraging data-driven insights, companies can enhance demand forecasting, optimize transportation routes, and reduce bottlenecks in customs clearance, leading to faster throughput and minimized delays. Furthermore, supply chain resilience in oil and gas requires robust strategies for mitigating disruptions caused by geopolitical tensions, fluctuating oil prices, and environmental regulations. Adopting agile procurement models and strategic supplier partnerships fosters adaptability while ensuring cost-effectiveness. Additionally, integrating cloud-based enterprise resource planning (ERP) solutions with logistics networks improves coordination among stakeholders, reducing redundancies and improving overall efficiency. The study also examines how companies can implement sustainable logistics practices, such as fuel-efficient transportation modes, carbon footprint reduction strategies, and the use of renewable energy in supply chain operations. By incorporating sustainability measures, organizations not only align with global environmental policies but also enhance long-term cost savings. Drawing from real-world case studies and industry benchmarks, this research highlights the effectiveness of these innovations in optimizing oil and gas supply chains. The findings underscore the importance of digital transformation, process automation, and data-driven decision-making in achieving operational excellence. By implementing these best practices, oil and gas companies can significantly reduce operational costs, enhance efficiency, and improve delivery timelines, strengthening their competitive edge in a rapidly evolving global market.
Innovative trading strategies for optimizing profitability and reducing risk in global oil and gas markets
The global oil and gas markets are characterized by extreme price volatility driven by geopolitical events, supply-demand imbalances, and macroeconomic factors. Traditional trading strategies often struggle to maintain profitability while mitigating risks in such unpredictable environments. This study explores the development and implementation of innovative trading strategies that optimize profitability and reduce risk in global oil and gas markets. By leveraging advanced analytics, algorithmic trading, and real-time market intelligence, traders can improve decision-making, enhance risk-adjusted returns, and achieve greater market resilience. The research examines key components of effective trading strategies, including price forecasting models, quantitative risk management techniques, and adaptive trading algorithms. Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) are integrated to analyze historical data, detect emerging trends, and generate predictive insights for market positioning. Additionally, the study explores the role of hedging instruments such as futures, options, and swaps in reducing exposure to market fluctuations. A comprehensive framework is proposed that incorporates sentiment analysis, technical indicators, and fundamental analysis to optimize trading margins and maximize profitability. Furthermore, the study highlights the significance of real-time data analytics and high-frequency trading (HFT) in capitalizing on short-term market inefficiencies. Scenario-based simulations and stress testing are employed to evaluate strategy performance under different market conditions, ensuring robustness and adaptability. The research also discusses the importance of regulatory compliance, liquidity management, and risk mitigation techniques in sustaining long-term profitability. Findings suggest that integrating AI-driven forecasting models and quantitative trading strategies significantly improves accuracy in market predictions, leading to enhanced profitability and reduced risk exposure. The proposed strategies offer actionable insights for energy traders, financial analysts, and policymakers seeking to navigate the complexities of the oil and gas markets. By adopting a data-driven, technology-enhanced approach, traders can gain a competitive advantage and improve market efficiency. Future research should explore blockchain-based trading platforms and decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions for further optimizing oil and gas trading strategies.
Policy solutions for reducing racial and ethnic disparities in cancer mortality
Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer mortality represent a critical public health challenge in the United States, driven by complex intersections of socioeconomic inequities, healthcare access, and systemic biases. While existing research highlights the disproportionate burden of cancer mortality among minority populations, gaps remain in comprehensive policy-driven solutions addressing these disparities. This study explores effective policy interventions to mitigate racial and ethnic disparities in cancer mortality by systematically reviewing and synthesizing evidence using the PRISMA framework. The motivation stems from the persistent inequities in cancer outcomes, where Black, Hispanic, and Native American populations experience significantly higher mortality rates compared to their White counterparts, despite advancements in cancer detection and treatment. Existing research primarily emphasizes individual and community-level interventions, often overlooking structural barriers and systemic inequities. To address this research gap, the study employed PRISMA to systematically review 75 peer-reviewed articles and policy reports published between 2000 and 2023, identifying key determinants of disparities and evaluating policy solutions. Findings reveal that culturally tailored healthcare delivery models, expansion of Medicaid, targeted cancer screening programs and equitable access to clinical trials are essential for reducing disparities. However, policies are often underutilized or inadequately implemented in underserved communities. The study concludes that a multi-sectoral approach integrating healthcare reform, community empowerment, and social determinants of health is critical for sustainable progress. Recommendations include scaling up evidence-based interventions, fostering stakeholder collaboration, and implementing policies prioritizing equity in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. These measures can significantly reduce racial and ethnic disparities in cancer mortality.
Empowering preschool students to improve personal hygiene skills through storytelling and interactive video methods in children at Jaddih, Bangkalan
Background: Personal hygiene is crucial for preventing health issues like diarrhea and gastroenteritis in preschool children. However, preschoolers often neglect hygiene due to their focus on play. Effective education for this age group should be engaging and suited to their cognitive development to ensure proper understanding and application. Purpose: This program aimed to educate kindergarten students on personal hygiene targeting students within the Jaddih Health Center service area. Methods: An observational study in August 2022 involved 56 kindergarten students from two schools. A pre- and post-test design was used to evaluate the impact of the personal hygiene education program, which included storytelling and interactive videos on oral hygiene, handwashing, and COVID-19 protocols. Hands-on activities helped students practice these skills. Results: Significant improvements were observed in students' understanding of personal hygiene after the sessions. Dharma Wanita Persatuan 06 Kindergarten students increased from 60.7% to 100% (p = 0.000), while Insan Aqilin Kindergarten students improved from 92.8% to 100% (p = 0.000). These results suggest that dental professionals, particularly Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologists, can play a key role in promoting healthier behaviors. Conclusion: The community service activity in Puskesmas Jaddih, Bangkalan, successfully enhanced preschool students' knowledge and skills in maintaining oral health through Storytelling and Interactive Video methods. Regular educational and training programs on oral health are recommended to further improve young children's oral health.
Empowering kindergarten and pre-school teachers in Jaddih, Bangkalan to prevent caries and boost children's dental clinic visits
Background: Dental cavities have become a significant issue in oral health. Among preschool-aged children, there is a high prevalence of dental cavities, affecting almost half of the population. However, only 2% of them receive treatment from a dentist. Purpose: The goal of this program is to provide education and training for kindergarten and early childhood teachers on children's oral and dental health. Methods: Providing education, training, and empowerment to kindergarten and pre-school teachers. Result: The education and training activities conducted have improved the knowledge of kindergarten and pre-school teachers in Jaddih, Bangkalan. Conclusion: Education and training activities in Jaddih, Bangkalan have improved teachers' knowledge and skills, empowering them to enhance the dental and oral health of their students.