Status of lymphatic filariasis in fakai local government area of Kebbi state, North-western, Nigeria
Keywords:
lymphatic filariasis, hydrocele, lymphoedema, fakai LGAAbstract
Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis was earmarked for elimination worldwide by the year 2020.Mass Medicine Administration (MMA) has been going on in Fakai LGA for over six years since it was found endemic and eligible for MMA. This study, conducted between November and December 2018 was designed to determine the transmission status and associated morbidities of lymphatic filariasis in Fakai LGA. The study was conducted in six selected villages of Fakai LGA (Awal, Bangu, Chasgu, Fakai, Jinga and Maikende). Four scientific methodologies were employed: Serological test using Immunochromatographic Card Test (ICT) for the detection of Circulating Filaria Antibody (CFA), parasitological test or routine microscopy using night blood samples to isolate the microfilaria of the parasite, search for clinical manifestations of lymphoedema, elephantiasis, hydrocele and breast oedema and mosquito collection and dissertion. Out of 423 persons examined, only 3(0.71%) tested positive to the filarial antibody and none (0.00%) had microfilaria in peripheral blood. There was significant association between infection rate and variables of village, age, gender, occupational and educational status (p<0.05). Overall prevalence of all clinical manifestations was 14.18% with lymphoedema, hydrocele and fever/chills constituting 4.73%, 2.13% and 7.33% respectively of the total population. Clinical manifestation was significantly higher in Bangu village (33.33%) (p<0.05) and none was observed in chasgu except fever/chills. A total of 108 female mosquitoes (54 Anopheles and 54 Culex) were dissected and none harbored the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti. It was concluded that transmission has been reduced below sustainable level, however, more effort is required at increasing MMA to completely eliminate the infection in Jinga and Fakai villages.
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