Molecular characterization of Anopheles gambiae complex in communities affected by flood in Anambra East L.G.A, Southeastern Nigeria
Keywords:
malaria, vectors, Anopheles gambiae, molecular characterization, anambra eastAbstract
Malaria is a serious public health disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. This study was conducted between 2020 and 2023 to determine the molecular characterization of Anopheles gambiae complex in Anambra East L.GA. The specific objectives were to identify the sibling species of An. gambiae complex, determine their indoor resting density, man-biting rate, physiological states, and the distribution of the S (Savannah) and M (Mopti) molecular forms within the An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s). in the area. Indoor biting and resting mosquitoes were collected using pyrethroid-based insecticide knock down (PKD). Indoor density and man biting rates were calculated using standard formulas. The sibling species were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). An. gambiae s.s M and S forms were identified through Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 893 An. gambiae complex mosquitoes were collected. The indoor density of An. gambiae complex was calculated as 0.661 mosquitoes/room/night while man biting rate was 0.154 bite/man/night. Of the 893 An. gambiae complex collected indoors, 186 (20.83%) were unfed, 417 (46.70%) freshly fed, 212 (23.74%) half gravid while 78 (8.73%) were gravid. Of a total of 300 An. gambiae complex randomly selected and subjected to PCR, 278 (92.67%) were identified as An. gambiae s.s. while 22 (7.33%) were unidentified. All the An. gambiae s.s were identified as S forms. A total of 142 (51.10%) were from Aguleri while 136 (48.92%) were from Umuoba Anam. The finding of this study shows that An. gambiae s.s was the major malaria vector in the area. Integrated vector management targeted toward the vector species is recommended.
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