Russian-American conflict in Ukraine and its impact on the international order
Keywords:
Russia, Ukraine, The United States of America, The Ukrainian crisis, The International systemAbstract
The Russian military intervention in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, represents one of the most serious geopolitical crises facing Europe after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s because it threatens the outbreak of a large-scale conflict on the European continent and threatens to destabilize the foundations of the global order dominated by the United States of America. It paves the way for the establishment of a new multipolar world order in which Russia and its ally China will have an effective role. Ukraine presents a new model of post-Cold War warfare, as it constitutes an important axis in the ongoing conflict between the major powers (Russia, the European Union, and the United States of America).
References
Arafat Shaimaa. Historical and geographical narratives of the Russian war in Ukraine, Egyptian Estimates Series. Cairo: The Egyptian Center for Strategic Thought and Studies, 2022, Special Issue, Issue 38, Third Year, p1.
Sheikh Nourhan. Russian-American Relations: From the Cold War to Cold Peace: Egypt, Arab Knowledge Bureau, 2019, 110-111.
Haddad names. The Russian Model of Hybrid Warfare in Ukraine: Stakes and Options Jordan Academic Book Center, 2020,116-117.
Mankoff J. "Russian Foreign Policy: The Return of Great Power Politics". Rowman & Littlefield, 2014.
Habib Median. The Russian-American conflict over Ukraine and its impact on the crisis in Syria, Ard al-Sham Magazine. 2024;3(1):253-279.
Haddad Asma. Hybrid Wars: The Ukrainian Crisis as a Model, Journal of Political Orbits, Al-Madar Al-Maaref Center for Research and Studies, Algeria, 2017, p11.
Qalajia, Wassim Khalil. Eurasian Russia under President Vladimir Putin, Lebanon: Arab Science House Publishers, 2017.
Walker N. "Ukraine crisis": A timeline (2014 – present), Research Briefing, House of Commons, 2022, 4.
Welt C. Ukraine: Background, "Conflict with Russia and U.S". Policy, Congressional Research Service, 2021 October 5, p2.
Hunter R. "The Ukraine Crisis: Why and What Now?", Survival. 2022 February–March;64(1):7.
Ali Amna Mohammed. The Crimean crisis and its repercussions on Russian-Ukrainian relations, Journal of International Studies, Baghdad, Iraq. 2017;6(2):160.
The Ukraine Russia Crisis: Terrorism Briefing, Institute for Economics & Peace, Sydney, 2022 March, p4.
Abdo Ahmed Galal Mahmoud. US policy towards the Russian military intervention in Ukraine and its repercussions on NATO, Journal of the Faculty of Politics and Economics. 2022;5(16):146.
Murad Bani Qaita. Vital Depth: Ukraine's Place in the Russian Strategic Perspective, Journal of Science Horizons, Dar Al-Manzouma. 2018;11(3):201.
Yassin Ammar Hamid. The Russian-Ukrainian War and its Implications for the Formulation of Patterns of Geopolitical Power Relations within the International System, Al-Bayan Center for Studies and Planning, Baghdad, 2022, 3-4.
Sheikh Nourhan. Russian-American Relations: From the Cold War to Cold Peace: Egypt, Arab Knowledge Bureau, 2019, p110-111.
Mills C. "Military assistance to ukraina2014-2021", house of commons library, londod, 2022, 2-3.
Latif Maher. Ukraine's Place in Russian Geopolitical and Geopolitical Doctrine A Path to Imperial Expansion, Research and Studies, Hammurabi Center for Research and Strategic Studies, Baghdad, 2022, 11.
Hussein Ahmed Qassem, et al. The Ukraine Crisis: How Arabs View it, and Why Have Their Attitudes Diverged?, A Series of Reports, Doha: Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Political Studies Unit, Report No. 5, 2022 March, 1.
Kazanov Olgpack. Historical and Strategic Dimensions of the Russian-Ukrainian Crisis, Trends of Events Magazine, Abu Dhabi: Future Center for Advanced Research and Studies. 2015 February;7:75.
Jonathan Masters. Ukraine: Conflict at the Crossroads of Europe and Russia, Council of foreign relations, 2022 April 1. https://on.cfr.org/3NCwltv.
Cory Welt. Ukraine: Background, Conflict with Russia and U.S. Policy, Op-Cit, 2021, p14.
Arafat Al-Shaimaa. Historical and Geographical Narratives of the Russian War in Ukraine, Egyptian Estimates Series, 2022 (previous reference), p16.
Asma Haddad. Hybrid Wars: The Ukrainian Crisis as a Model, op. cit., p115.
Lev Topor. Strategic Perspectives on the Russia-Ukraine War, E-International Relations, 2022 Mar 6. https://bit.ly/3aDlm4g.
The Ukrainian Crisis: Prospects for Confrontation and Resolution, Situation Assessment Series, (Doha: Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Political Studies Unit, 2021 December 16, p1.
Wozniak M. The Ukraine Crisis and Shift In US Foreign Policy, Interdisciplinary Political And Cultural Journal. 2016;18(2):88.
Woehrel S. Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy, Congressional Research Service, 2014 May 8, p1.
Mbah RE. Russian-Ukraine War: A Review of the Economic Impact of Russian-Ukraine Crisis on the USA, Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2022, 144.
Kaddoura Imad. The Centrality of Geography and Control in the Eastern Gateway to the West: Ukraine as a Hotbed of Conflict, Arab Politics Magazine, Doha: Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies. 2014;9(6):50.
Taj El-Din Ahmed. Modern Types of Weapons in the Russian-Ukrainian War, Egyptian Estimates Series, Cairo: Egyptian Center for Strategic Studies and Thought. 2022;39(3):44.
Ibid., 45.
Mankoff J. Russia’s War in Ukraine Identity, History, and Conflict, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2022 April, p1.
Macaron Joe. The Repercussions of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the Middle East, Case Assessment Series, (Doha: Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, 2022 March 9, p1.
Predicament, Hossam Ibrahim Washington, Strategic in the Ukraine Crisis, Future Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Abu Dhabi, Sunday, 2022 February 27. Accessed May 25, 2022https://bit.ly/3t91pJ1
Steven Pifer. Russia’s draft agreements with NATO and the United States: Intended for rejection, Brookings, 2021 December 21. HTTPS://BROOK.GS/3ND82C5.
Sebastian Clapp. Russia's war on Ukraine: NATO response, European Parliamentary Research Service, April 2022, p1.
Predicament, Hossam Ibrahim Washington strategist in the Ukraine crisis (op. cit.).
Stephen Larraby F, et al. Russia and the West after the Ukraine Crisis: European Vulnerabilities to Russian Pressure, California: RAND Corporation, 2017, p6.
The US Strategy in Ukraine and its Possible Implications for the Relationship with Russia, Position Assessment Series, (Doha: Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Political Studies Unit, 2022 May 17, p2.
Dr. Khaled Haniyeh. Reading of the American Vision of the Russian-Ukrainian War, Turkey, Egyptian Institute for Studies, 2022 March 7, p2.
Washington's Calculations in Ukraine and Attempts to Contain Russia, Position Assessment Series, (Doha: Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Political Studies Unit, 2022 March 3, p1.
Stefano Fella. The EU response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Research Briefing, House of Commons Library, 2022 March 22, p6.
Basrati Muhammad Nur. The strategy of international sanctions and its repercussions on the policies of countries (Iraq-Iran-Russia) as a model, Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Political Science. 2022;23(3):159-182.
Ibid.
International Monetary Fund. Crisis upon crisis. Recovery Date 06 November 2022, IMF Annual Report 2022 September. imf.org/external/pubs/ft/a
Ibid., p9.
Gill I. Developing economies must act now to dampen the shocks from the Ukraine conflict. Retrieved, 2022 November 27. From world bank: blays.worldbank.org/voices/.
Gandhi Suleiman Hindi. The impact of the economic factor on political decision-making in Russia. PhD thesis in international economic relations. Syria: Damascus University, 2022.
Hashem Ahmed Hamdi. The repercussions of the Russian-Ukrainian crisis on the global and Egyptian economy, Al-Seyassah International Newspaper, 2022, 26. http://www.siyassa.org.eg/News/18242.aspx
International Energy Agency. https://www.iea.org
Abdo Ahmed Galal Mahmoud. US policy towards the Russian military intervention in Ukraine and its repercussions on NATO, Journal of the Faculty of Politics and Economics - Suez University, 2022 October, Issue 16.
Ibid.
Arnaud Kalika. “Russia’s ‘Great Return’ to Africa?”, Russie. Nei. Visions, No. 114, Ifri, 2019 April.
Alfred Kammer et al. The War in Ukraine and its Reverberations across Different Regions of the World, IMF Official Website, 2022 March 17.
