Concept of science, scientific method in Islamic civilization, paradigm of progress and transfer in medieval

Abstract

Medieval research has a scientific memory of paradigm of progress and transfer, progress of world science history by Islamic civilization has been recorded by European and American orientalists. While in Middle Ages, phenomenon of initiative of a new method in recognizing nature, man and God in Islamic civilization has been formed and new scientists and texts have been created which are symbol of sciences and with civilizational connection between East and West, Science has evolved from Islamic East Christian West and paved way for European Renaissance. Some historians have a political, ideological, and military approach to civilization that they are monopolists and they have to besiege and preserve civilization. The origin, development and transfer of science in the Middle Ages showed that civilization is a human thing and a thousand years of history of science was written by Islamic societies and civilization belongs to different lands and societies and there are many hearts in the world that love science. It cannot be confined to framework of politico-military rules, and this phenomenon is in constant operation in history of world. Hypothesis of development and permanent transfer of sciences between civilizations of different nations in this research is given by mentioning cases of Islamic people who caused the advancement of science in the Middle Ages by a scientific method. Some of these sciences that are a sign of concept of science in Islamic civilization are: light physics, scientific irrigation, separation of mineral chemistry from alchemy (Kimiya), medical engineering in manufacture of surgical instruments, announcing transmission of epidemics by invisible creatures, increasing number of herbal medicines, increasing Issues discussed in philosophy, development in astronomy, formulation of theoretical principles of psychology and theoretical foundations of cognitive sciences, writing principles and methods of healthy living and basic foundations of hygiene are among achievements of Islamic civilization and in field of humanities, science of civilization and philosophy of history, sociology, anthropology are noteworthy.