Biomedical Effect for Hepatitis B virus - HBV on Patient

Abstract

All medical personnel, including those working in medical laboratories and blood banks, must be vaccinated against hepatitis B. All healthcare workers, including physicians, surgeons, dentists, nurses, medical laboratory staff, blood bank personnel, and others, must treat blood, body fluids, and materials contaminated with them as potentially containing HIV, hepatitis viruses, and other blood borne pathogens. Wearing gloves is mandatory when handling clinical specimens and any other materials that may be contaminated with blood or body fluids. Violation of this rule will not be tolerated, regardless of position. All medical laboratory staff must refrain from using their mouths to draw solutions with straws, eating, drinking, or smoking while working in these laboratories. Intravenous drug users and those who engage in promiscuous or non-monogamous sexual activity are at higher risk of contracting hepatitis B and C viruses, as well as HIV (the virus that causes AIDS). Hepatitis is a type of liver infection that affects a person's health and can lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and cancer. Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing the disease, in addition to adhering to personal hygiene practices and guidelines for preventing the spread of infection. The liver is the largest organ in the body and plays a vital role in metabolism, converting food into energy, and removing toxins from the body. It also secretes bile, a greenish fluid that plays an important role in digestion. Some patients may not show symptoms or signs of infection, which can lead to liver failure and cirrhosis, followed by the appearance of symptoms and signs that are difficult to treat and can last for a long time. There are several causes of hepatitis, not limited to viruses. Some medications can cause liver inflammation, as can autoimmune diseases. Viral infections are among the most common of these diseases. When the inflammation persists for more than six months, we refer to this type as chronic hepatitis. Acute hepatitis results from the virus settling in the liver and multiplying rapidly, leading to swelling and rupture of liver cell walls, as well as an intensive spread of various types of white blood cells throughout the liver to limit the spread of the virus. This inflammation usually lasts for a short period. It is worth noting that acute hepatitis rarely leads to chronic damage, unlike chronic hepatitis, which can cause neurological disorders and, in its severe forms, lead to hepatic coma. Therefore, infected individuals may experience symptoms of acute hepatitis for a few days or weeks, but upon recovery, the patient is completely cured, and no side effects or chronic liver damage remain. However, in rare cases, the patient's condition deteriorates during the acute phase of the inflammation to the point of death or the urgent need for a liver transplant.